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常见名词考点透析

一、单、复数名词的正确使用

[例] They have all sorts of course.

[析] 英语中,名词有单数、复数或不可数的形式。本题中的course是可数名词,意指“课程”,故应用复数形式courses。

二、仅以复数形式出现的名词

[例] Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!

[析] Many happy returns of the day! 是一句固定的生日祝语,相当于汉语的“祝你年年有今日,岁岁有今朝!”returns 在此处便是约定俗成的用法。

除这一结构外,像shake hands with (= shake sb’s hand), make friends with和change seats / trains / buses等常用的结构,及thanks, cheers, congratulations, things(情况), affairs, feelings, as follows(如下), in tears, in ruins, in pieces, in chains(被囚禁), in high spirits, in one’s teens / twenties, in the 1990’s (或in the 1990s), into halves, good manners, give one’s regards / best wishes to, make contributions to, make preparations for等,也都是常用或只用复数的名词式。

三、纯粹不可数名词的使用

[例] I’m glad you have made such a great progress that...

[析] 在英语中,有些名词, 如advice(建议), news, information, fun, weather, progress, homework, housework等,无论在什么情况下都是不可数的,所以这些词没有复数形式,也不可把其与不定冠词连用。可见,such a great progress 使用有误(须改为such great progress)。再例: She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when she smelt something burning. 由于homework为不可数名词,所以,作业再多,也无复数。

四、转义名词的考查热点

[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life

A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; 不填

[析] 本题旨在考查考生对understanding和life这两个名词可数性的界定:understanding已为转义用法,life在此泛指“人生”,是不可数名词,故而便可正确选用冠词D。

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