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定语

一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表 示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的 词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why

关系词常有三个作用:

1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

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