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(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法:bring指从远处“拿来”;take指从面前“拿走”;carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向;send主要指“送、派遣、寄”;lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。例略。

(20)hope、wish的用法:两个词都表示“希望”,但是,hope表达有把握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不可以 跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式;wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如:We all hope to see him very soon. (我们全都希望尽快见到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨!)(事实上天正在下雨)

(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法:

spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型:sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. ;

take的主语通常是事情,句型:sth./It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do… 。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移);

cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型:sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. ;

pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型:sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物.

如:She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做这件事情要花我两天的时间)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱?)/ I paid him twenty dollars for the book.. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书)

(22)begin、start的用法:begin在大多数情况下可以替代start,(反义词是end),后面接不定式或动名词时区别不大,但是 start还可以表示“开始、出发、启动”,反义词是stop;某事停止后再重新开始一般用start.如:When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么时候开始学英语的?)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他们开始收割庄稼) / This time he could not start his car. (这次他没法启动他的汽车)

(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法:arrive是不及物动词,到达具体地点时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in,arrive后面可以直接跟地 点副词here/there/home等;get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to,get后面可以直接跟地点副词here 等;reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如:He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上个星期天他抵达旧金山)/ How did you get there in the night? (你是怎样在夜间到达那里的?)/ We hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)

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