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【 非谓语动词(一)】
动词不定式
在英语中,不充当句子谓语的动词,叫作非谓语动词。由于非谓语动词不受主语的限制,没有时态和语态,所以又叫非限定动词。非限定动词有三种形式:动词不定式;动名词和分词。
1、动词不定式
(1)动词不定式的构成和性质
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,所谓非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。正因为如此,它不受主语的人称和数的限制,没有人称和数的变化,但它具有动词的 某些特征,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语。其构成是:“to + 动词原形”,否定式是“not to +动词原形”。to是不定式符号,无词义。
(2)动词不定式的用法
动词不定式除了不能作谓语外,可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
① 作主语
To learn English well is not easy.
To drive fast is quite dangerous.
不定式作主语时常常用it作形式主语,不定式放在谓语之后以上两个例句可以写成:
It is not easy to learn English well.
It is quite dangerous to drive fast.
这种用法可以归纳成这样一个句型:
It is (not) + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth.
It is very expensive for me to buy a car.
It is very difficult for a child to do that job.
有些形容词之后跟of + 名词(代词宾语)+不定式。如:
It is very kind of you to say so.
It is very good of you to come.
② 作表语。如:
My job is to teach English.
The first thing is to ring him up.
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