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3.定语从句的三种功能
定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词,起定语的作用,修饰说明名词、代词或主语的全部内容。通常在被修饰的词语(即先行词)之后,由“关系词”引导。定语从句的三种功能:
1.连接功能:连接从句,引导一个定语从句
2.指代功能:指代先行词
3.语法功能:在定语从句中充当句子成分
4. 关系代词的用法
(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:
This is the first composition that he has written in English.
(3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) 如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。
(6) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom,不用 which。例如:
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