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在原因状语从句中主要是① because, 应译为”因为“。它表达的因果关系最强,如: He didn't pass the exam because he didn't study hard ② since 应译为”既然“,如: Since you were ill yesterday I left some notes on your desk ③ as 应译为”由于“,如: As it is too hot we'd better go swimming since 与 as 所表达的因果关系远比 because 弱得多。而 for 表达的因果关系最弱。它不能用于句首,如: He studies hard, for he wants to go to college
在比较状语从句中有同级比较 as … as, 如: This book is as good as that one 要注意的有两点:① as … as 中间要用原级而不是比较级。② 用形容词还是副词,如: Mary writes as carefully as Tom 而其否定句为 not as (so) … as, 如: They didn't work so hard as we did, 而不同级比较用比较级加 than, 如: He is younger than I am 要注意的是表示”越来越“这一概念时有两个句型:① 比较级+and+比较级,如: The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful ② 定冠词 the + 比较级+ the + 比较级,如: The harder you study, the more you can learn 方式状语中要注意的是as (连词)与 like (介词)的区别。 as 作为连词其后接从句,如: Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略,如: Please do it as I 而 like 是介词,其后要接的是宾语,如: Please do it like me
结果和目的状语从句主要有 so … that, so that, in order that等几种用法。① so … that用在单数可数名词前,so + 形容词 + a + 名词 + that,如: She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such + a + 形容词 + 名词 + that, 如: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her ② 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such, 如: It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如: They are such good players that they should win the game. ③ 在much, many, few, little 之前只能用so, 如: I have so little money that I can't buy it ④ so … that 之间只有形容词时,则不能用 such, 如: It is so good that I want to buy ⑤ so that 其后接从句,如: I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus
(二) 正误辨析
[误] The stories in that book was written many years ago
[正] The stories in that book were written many years ago.
[析] 作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份,如: book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。
[误] To read many books are good for you
[正] To read many books is good for you
[析] 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。
[误] What he said are right
[正] What he said is right
[析] 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。
[正] The rich is not always happy
[误] The rich are not always happy
[析] 形容词+定冠词表示一类人,谓语动词应用复数,如: The young are very interested in study and sports
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