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正误辨析[误] I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English?
[正] I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English?
[析] 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从它本身看不出其数的形式,这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定,应该用单数谓语动词。又如:I who am a student? want to find a spare time job?这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的,所以其谓语动词应该用am。
[误] We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War?
[正] We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War?
[析] 这里的关系代词不要用 who, 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物),而另一个是people (人),这时既不可用 who, 又不可用 which, 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下,而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下,所以只能用 that, 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。
[误] The book, that I bought yesterday, was very good?
[正] The book, which I bought yesterday, was very good?
[析] 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时,即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which, when, who, whom, where, when, whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样,而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。
[误] The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool?
[正] The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool?
[析] 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的,它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首,但它的作用依然存在,而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。
[误] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America
[正] The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America
[析] the one, anyone, those 作代词并且是指某人、物时,其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。
[误] This is the room in that the old man lives?
[正] This is the room in which the old man lives?
[正] This is the room which the old man lives in?
[正] This is the room that the old man lives in?
[析] that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语,但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾,则可用 that 作引导词,而且可以省略。如: This is the room the old man lives in?
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