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②未完成用法:一个动作行为B在过去A点之前就开始一直持续到A点,还要继续持续或刚刚结束。行为B就用过去完成时态。要用持续性动词,并且和表示 持续到过去某点的时段状语连用,如:by+过去时点,since+过去时点;(un)til then, up to then, for+时段等。如:By six o’clock they had worked for five hours. They had known each other for eight years when they got married.
3)过去完成进行时态:类似于现在完成进行时态,只是往过去推一步。无被动形式。略。
4)将来表达法:
(1)形式:主动1) will do 2) is / am / are going to do 3) is / am / are doing 4) will be doing 5) is / am / are to do 6) is / am / are (just) about to do 7) do / does 被动及否定疑问略。
(2)意义:
①will do
will可以作情态助动词表示坚决的意志、意愿等,也可以作时态助动词表示未来会发生的事情。这里讨论的是后者。前者会在情态助动词章节处理。
A.表示说话时才做出的临时决定,多见于对别人的话或周围环境做出的反应。如:
Tom: The phone is ringing. Lucy: I’ll go and answer it.
又如:Seeing the bed in a mess, Tom said to himself, “ I will clean it up this afternoon.”
B.表示说话人根据自己的主观经验或知识对将来的客观事情的预测。如:
Take this medicine and you will get better soon. My mum will kill me if I do this.
②is / am / are going to do
A.表示说话之前经过考虑的意图,如:从下面语境看得出,明显说话前就已经做了准备。
I’ve bought some bricks. I’m going to build a house.
We talked about the coming holiday and have decided on a place to go to. We’re going to visit our home village.
B.表示说话时已有迹象表明某客观事情会很快发生。如:Noticing the photocopy(复印) machine working very slowly, John knows that it’s going to take a long time to photocopy all the documents.
Feeling the house shaking, she shouted, “Get out! The house is going to fall!”
③is / am / are doing
表示按计划,安排很近的将来会发生某事。如:I am meeting Tom tonight. He’s taking me to the theatre.今晚我要见Tom。他要带我去看戏。(和Tom已经安排约好见面和他带我去看戏。)
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