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转义名词的考查热点

[例] When you finish reading the book, you will have ______ better understanding of ______ life

A. a; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. a; 不填

[析] 本题旨在考查考生对understanding和life这两个名词可数性的界定:understanding已为转义用法,life在此泛指“人生”,是不可数名词,故而便可正确选用冠词D。

转义名词主要分为两类:①把抽象意义转化为具体意义,因而赋予其可数功能;②把具体意义的名词抽象化,从而赋予其不可数性。

转义名词一直是高考测试的热点。其考查主要出现在单项和短文改错题中。其常考热点如下:

(1)抽象转具体: pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人 / 物”。如: The meeting is a success.

(2)抽象转具体: worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等,指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时,有其单、复数形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months.

(3)抽象转具体: a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如: He has a good practical knowledge of computer science

(4)具体转抽象: school, college, hospital, court, prison, bed, table, church等,都是可数名词,可以有具体的意义,如a school, three schools。再例如:

When you come here for your holiday next time, don't go to _____ hotel; I can find you _____ bed in my flat.

A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a; 不填

但是,在不用冠词、不用复数,而只突出与之有关的活动时,它们便失去了具体意义。如: go to school, at table等。 再例如:

When he left ______ college, he got a job as ______ reporter in a newspaper office.

A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. a; the D. the; the

(5)具体转抽象: day, night, morning, noon, evening, night等用指天色时,表达抽象概念(注意其前不用冠词)。如: Day may break now, for the birds are singing outside.

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