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Say to sb.
Speak:作及物动词时它的含义是“说话”、“交谈”“发言,演说” speak at the meeting作及物动词,有被动语态,宾语的内容常为某种语言或语言范畴的词语。
例如:speak English
Talk:作不及物的含义是:“讲话”、“谈论”等。
例如:talk about sth. talk with sb.
Tell:常用作及物动词,它的含义是“讲”、“告诉”等。与can/be able to, could连用时它的含义是“辨别”、“认出”等。例如:tell sb. to do sth. tell sb. about sth.
She can′t tell her hat from mine.
C. bring, take
Bring:它的含义是“拿来”、“取来”。它表示从远处拿到说话人的地点。常与here/me搭配。它的反义词是take.
Please bring me a dictionary tomorrow.
Take:它的含义是“带走”、“拿走”,常指从说话地拿到远处去,常与there/away搭配。
D. borrow, lend, keep
Borrow:它的含义是“借进”、“向人借”,短暂性动词。
Borrow sth. from sb.
Lend:它的含义是“把……借给”“出租”,短暂性动词。
Lend sb.sth=lend sth. to sb.
Keep:它的含义是“借一段时间”,常与一段时间的时间状语连用,延续性动词。
例如:How long may I keep it? Two weeks.
E. listen, hear
Listen:是不及物动词,不接宾语,强调听的动作,它常与介词to连用。I listened carefully, but heard nothing.
Hear:它可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。常指听的结果,区别:hear from 收到某人的来信(消息)
Jim′s mother hasn′t heard from him for a long time.
Hear of:听人说起
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