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2. 根据下列例句体会与stand相关的常用短语的意义和用法:

Mary’s red hair made her stand out in the crowd. (突出,显眼)

No matter what happens I’ll stand by you. (支持)

热点语法聚焦

定语从句是考试的热点,也是同学们学习的难点。我们应从以下几方面把握定语从句。

一、关系代词及关系副词引导的定语从句

选择使用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句的句子结构。因为关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当的成分是不一样的。

【考试例析】The Science Museum, _____ we visited during a trip to Britain, is one of Lon-don’s tourist attractions. 

A. which B. what C. that D. where

中公教育解析:选A。分析从句句子结构可知从句缺少宾语,且该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为The Science Museum,因此需要关系代词which引导该从句。

注意:近年来考试题对关系副词where引导的定语从句的考查的频率非常高,其先行词由明显表示地点的词,转变为其他一些地点意义较模糊的词,如:situation, case, occasion等。

【考试例析】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. 

A. where B. when C. who D. which

中公教育解析:选A。先行词为cases,关系副词where引导该定语从句且在从句中充当状语。

二、"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句

关于"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,要把握好介词的选择。介词的选择至少要考虑两个因素:先行词与介词之间的习惯搭配;从句中动词与介词的习惯搭配。

【考试例析】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger. 

A. in which B. by which C. which D. that

中公教育解析:选A。先行词为the scenes, in which 在从句中充当状语。显然介词in的选择就是看其与先行词the scenes的搭配。

三、as引导的定语从句

关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

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