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二、被动语态的使用要点
1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词happen, take place, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, occur, remain, succeed, start等没有被动语态。例如:
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. (×)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown. (√)
2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作,而是表示某种状态或情况,如"拥有、容纳、适合、明白"等意,这类词不能用于被 动语态,常见的有:lack, mean, hold, have, become, last, cost, consist of, look like等。如:
The new stadium can be held 5,000 people. (×)
The new stadium can hold 5,000 people. (√)
3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词
(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义,常见的有:look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等。如:Your idea sounds great.
(2) 某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)也可以表示被动意义,常见的有:wash, write, sell, read, handle, keep, pay等。如:
The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well.
(3) want, deserve, need, require, worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The point deserves mentioning.
4. 在主动语态中,若动词为make, let, see, hear, watch, notice时,后接不带to的动词不定式;但是变被动语态时,必须把省掉的to带上。例如:
You should make him deal with this problem carefully.
= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.
5. 某些表语形容词后,常用不定式的主动表被动。
The question is difficult to understand.
6. 当不定式作定语,与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时,用不定式的主动表被动。
Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
7. be to blame, be to let要用主动形式表示被动意思。
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