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Swimming is one of the best all-round exercises. It keeps me in good shape.
It is not easy to learn English well but if you hang on， you will succeed in the end. It’s no use arguing with him.
You might as well argue with a stone wall.
(2) 非谓语动词作表语:
动名词表示抽象的、经常性的动作；不定式表示某一具体的、将来的动作。现在分词表示主语的特征，通常表示"令人……的"；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，通常表示"感到……的"。如:
The speech given by Mr. Smith was very moving and we were moved to tears.
(3) 非谓语动词作宾语:
有些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语，如:want， wish， hope， manage， promise， refuse， pretend， plan， offer， decide， agree， expect等。
有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如:admit， advise， advocate， avoid， consider， delay， deny， finish， imagine， mind， practice， miss， resist， appreciate等。
有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语:有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，意义上无太大区别，如:love， like， hate， prefer， intend， start， continue等；有些意义有区别，如:remember， forget， regret， try， mean， stop， can’t help， go on等。如:
Have you remembered buying a ruler for me？ Please remember to return it to her tomorrow.
(4) 非谓语动词作定语:
不定式作后置定语，用主动形式表示被动意义，表示"将要"发生；现在分词表示主动、正在进行的动作，过去分词表示被动、已经完成；动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途。如:
I must stop writing now， as I have rather a lot of work to do.
The man standing over there is the very man that we have been talking about.
Only those invited to the interview will receive a reply to their application.
(5) 非谓语动词作状语:
动词不定式作状语表示原因、目的和结果，分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况和结果。作结果状语时，不定式表示预料之外的结果，而分词常表示预料之中的结果。如:
He ran all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left fifteen minutes before.
The hurricane brought down a great number of houses， making thousands of people homeless.
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